Bone Tumor Diagnosis and Treatments Open access Peer reviewed

Characterizing the tumor microenvironment at the single-cell level reveals the potential immune evasion mechanism in giant cell tumor of bone

Dongyang Zhang, Shuai Zhang, Chao Zhang, Zifei Yang and 3 more

Scientific Reports | Aug 20, 2026

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The role of Siglec15 in tumor immunosuppression and osteolytic destruction was determined, and validated with recombinant Siglec15 antibody, and the results broaden the understanding of the immune-microenvironment of GCTB, and provide a new insight for reducing the recurrence by adjuvant therapy.

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Abstract Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is intermediate, locally aggressive primary bone tumor that usually occur in long bones and typically present as lytic lesions, leading to cortical expansion or destruction with a soft-tissue component. At present, the main treatment of GCTB is surgical curettage and bone cement filling, but the recurrence rate is more than 20%. It is known that tumor recurrence and immune escape are closely related to the microenvironment. We need a deeper understanding of the complex tumor microenvironment, as well as the role of various immune cells in the development of GCTB, in order to achieve a comprehensive treatment of GCTB. In this study, GCTB tissue was isolated in vivo from two patients undergoing surgical GCTB, and tumor tissue and its associated immune cell subtypes were identified by single-cell RNA sequencing. In combination with previous studies, the role of Siglec15 in tumor immunosuppression and osteolytic destruction was determined, and validated with recombinant Siglec15 antibody. The results broaden the understanding of the immune-microenvironment of GCTB, and provide a new insight for reducing the recurrence by adjuvant therapy.

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Dongyang Zhang

first | Army Medical University | ORCID 0000-0002-8041-5681

Shuai Zhang

middle | Army Medical University

Chao Zhang

middle | 117th Hospital of People's Liberation Army

Zifei Yang

middle | 117th Hospital of People's Liberation Army

Yong Tang

middle | Army Medical University

Yutong Wu

middle | Army Medical University

Ce Dou

last | Army Medical University | ORCID 0000-0002-6983-6354

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Zhang2026Characterizing,
  title = {Characterizing the tumor microenvironment at the single-cell level reveals the potential immune evasion mechanism in giant cell tumor of bone},
  author = {Dongyang Zhang and Shuai Zhang and Chao Zhang and Zifei Yang and Yong Tang and Yutong Wu and Ce Dou},
  journal = {Scientific Reports},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-66895-2},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-66895-2}
}

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