Cancer-related Molecular Pathways Peer reviewed

Molecular targeting of CDK9 in oncology therapeutics: avenues for translational impact

Tiyao Liu, Zhongran Liu, Wenjing Wei, Shudong Wang and 4 more

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets | Aug 21, 2026

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What this paper is about

The molecular functions of the CDK9/positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) axis, its role in super-enhancer-driven oncogenic programs, and the mechanisms by which CDK9 inhibition promotes apoptosis, epigenetic derepression, and tumor microenvironment remodeling are summarized.

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BACKGROUND: Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) is a central regulator of RNA polymerase II elongation and has emerged as a therapeutic target in tumors characterized by transcriptional addiction. Growing interest in selective inhibitors and targeted degraders has renewed attention to the translational potential of CDK9-directed therapy. AREAS COVERED: This review summarizes the molecular functions of the CDK9/positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) axis, its role in super-enhancer-driven oncogenic programs, and the mechanisms by which CDK9 inhibition promotes apoptosis, epigenetic derepression, and tumor microenvironment remodeling. We also discuss representative small-molecule inhibitors and proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) degraders, emerging biomarkers for patient stratification, rational combination strategies, and the current landscape of resistance mechanisms. EXPERT OPINION: Selective targeting of CDK9 offers a promising route for treating refractory malignancies, particularly when guided by transcriptional dependency, biomarker-informed dosing, and rational combination design. Future progress will likely depend on improving therapeutic index, refining translational biomarkers, and anticipating adaptive resistance during clinical development.

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Tiyao Liu

first | China University of Petroleum, East China | ORCID 0009-0004-9140-3653

Zhongran Liu

middle | Qingdao University of Technology

Wenjing Wei

middle | Qingdao University of Technology

Shudong Wang

middle | China University of Petroleum, East China

Shaoqiang Wang

middle | China University of Petroleum, East China | ORCID 0000-0003-1149-8388

Yuanyuan Zhang

middle | Qingdao University of Technology | ORCID 0000-0002-3564-3204

Ziyi Gao

middle | China University of Petroleum, East China

Wenhao Wu

last | China University of Petroleum, East China

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BibTeX

@article{Liu2026Molecular,
  title = {Molecular targeting of CDK9 in oncology therapeutics: avenues for translational impact},
  author = {Tiyao Liu and Zhongran Liu and Wenjing Wei and Shudong Wang and Shaoqiang Wang and Yuanyuan Zhang and Ziyi Gao and Wenhao Wu},
  journal = {Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1080/14728222.2026.2723483},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14728222.2026.2723483}
}

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