Synthesis and biological activity Open access Peer reviewed

Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Oxidative Degradation Products of Bosutinib by Preparative HPLC, LC–MS, and NMR Spectroscopy

PhanikumarReddy Satti, Sanjeeva Reddy Chinnakadoori, Jayaram Kamma, P. Bharath and 1 more

Separation Science Plus | Sep 1, 2026

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The identification and structural elucidation of these oxidative DP's are critical for understanding the degradation pathways of BST, and underscores the importance of comprehensive impurity profiling for regulatory compliance and formulation development but also for ensuring drug product safety, particularly in oncology therapies where patient risk tolerance is low.

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ABSTRACT Bosutinib (BST), a 4‐anilino‐3‐quinolinecarbonitrile derivative, is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. To assess the chemical stability of BST and elucidate its degradation pathways, forced degradation studies were conducted in accordance with International Council for Harmonisation quality guidelines Q1A(R2). Chromatographic analysis under oxidative stress conditions revealed the formation of two major degradation products (DP's), eluting at relative retention times of approximately 1.09 and 1.14, with respective abundances of 15% and 76%. These were isolated using preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography and structurally characterized using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. LC–mass spectrometry (MS) analysis indicated mass increases of +16 and +32 Da, consistent with mono‐ and di ‐oxidation, respectively. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data ( 1 H, 13 C, and 2D experiments) localized the oxidative modifications to the piperazinyl‐propoxy side chain and the aromatic methoxy groups. The identification and structural elucidation of these oxidative DP's are critical for understanding the degradation pathways of BST. This work underscores the importance of comprehensive impurity profiling not only for regulatory compliance and formulation development but also for ensuring drug product safety, particularly in oncology therapies where patient risk tolerance is low.

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PhanikumarReddy Satti

first | Acharya Nagarjuna University | ORCID 0009-0006-2020-3691

Sanjeeva Reddy Chinnakadoori

middle | Acharya Nagarjuna University

Jayaram Kamma

middle | Somerset Medical Center

P. Bharath

middle | Acharya Nagarjuna University

D. Ramachandran

last | Acharya Nagarjuna University | ORCID 0000-0002-3068-1586

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BibTeX

@article{Satti2026Isolation,
  title = {Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Oxidative Degradation Products of Bosutinib by Preparative HPLC, LC–MS, and NMR Spectroscopy},
  author = {PhanikumarReddy Satti and Sanjeeva Reddy Chinnakadoori and Jayaram Kamma and P. Bharath and D. Ramachandran},
  journal = {Separation Science Plus},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1002/sscp.70301},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/sscp.70301}
}

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