Motor Control and Adaptation Open access

Micro-offline gains do not drive implicit motor sequence learning

Tharan Suresh, Michael V Freedbreg, Sara J. Hussain

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) | Aug 21, 2026

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It is concluded that implicit motor sequence learning is driven by micro-online rather than micro-offline gains, rather than sequence-specific learning.

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Motor sequence performance improves during and between brief practice bouts (micro-online and offline gains). We compared both metrics across two groups: one exposed to an implicit motor sequence, and one not. Micro-online gains drove sequence-specific learning and positively correlated with overall skill. However, micro-offline gains were comparable between groups and did not track sequence-specific learning. We conclude that implicit motor sequence learning is driven by micro-online rather than micro-offline gains.

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Authors

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Tharan Suresh

first | The University of Texas at Austin

Michael V Freedbreg

middle | University of Iowa

Sara J. Hussain

last | University of Iowa | ORCID 0000-0003-4163-9698

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@article{Suresh2026Micro,
  title = {Micro-offline gains do not drive implicit motor sequence learning},
  author = {Tharan Suresh and Michael V Freedbreg and Sara J. Hussain},
  journal = {bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.64898/2026.08.17.745334},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.17.745334}
}

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