Sella Turcica in Sagittal Skeletal Patterns: A CBCT Study

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Background: This study aimed to investigate the dimensional measurements, morphological features, and the presence of bridging of the sella turcica (ST) in subjects with different sagittal skeletal classes using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.Methods: Linear measurements of the sella turcica (ST), including length, depth, and diameter, were performed on 203 CBCT images. ST morphology was evaluated according to a six-type classification, including normal structure and morphological variations. Calcification patterns were classified as none, partial, or sella turcica bridging (STB). Statistical analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Independent Samples t-test, and the chi-square test. Results: No statistically significant differences were found between sexes in terms of ST linear measurements or calcification types. Although ST length and depth did not differ significantly among skeletal patterns, ST diameter was significantly greater in Class III skeletal pattern compared with those with Class I and Class II patterns. A statistically significant association was observed between ST calcification types and skeletal patterns, with complete STB being more prevalent in Class III.Conclusion: The increased ST diameter and higher prevalence of STB observed in Class III skeletal patterns suggest that these ST characteristics may be associated with sagittal skeletal patterns. These findings suggest that ST measurements and bridging patterns may be considered as possible indicators in the assessment of craniofacial development.