Land Use and Ecosystem Services Open access Peer reviewed

Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Scenario Simulation of Ecosystem Service Value in Ecologically Fragile Hilly Region: A Case Study of Longji Mountain Area in Guangxi, China

Yan Jiang, Sihua Huang, Lijie Pu, Jiahao Zhai and 1 more

Sustainability | Jun 10, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

Ecologically fragile hilly areas are key regions for safeguarding national ecological security and advancing ecological civilization construction. Accurate assessment of ecosystem service value (ESV) and future scenario simulations in these regions is crucial for improving regional land use and attaining sustainable development. Based on high-resolution remote sensing data of the Longji Mountain area in Guangxi, China, from 2013 to 2023, this study systematically assesses the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of ESV using the equivalent factor method with localized corrections. This study adopts spatial autocorrelation analysis, geographic modeling, and scenario simulation. It predicts the spatial patterns of ESV for 2028 and 2033 under three scenarios: ecological protection, natural development, and tourism development. The results reveal that: (1) from 2013 to 2023, the total ESV in the Longji Mountain area showed an overall fluctuating trend. It increased first, then declined and recovered slightly, with an average annual growth rate of −0.15%. Spatially, the ESV presented a heterogeneous pattern, characterized by “high-value agglomeration in forest land, medium-value transition in terraced fields, and low-value interpolation in constructed areas”, with distinct clustering features; (2) regional ecological functions are mainly dominated by regulating and supporting services. Climate regulation contributes the highest value. Water supply is the only service with negative value, indicating a persistent water ecological deficit that remains unaddressed; (3) scenario simulations reveal that the total ESV is highest and spatial connectivity is strongest under the ecological protection scenario. Furthermore, a consistent trend is observed across all three scenarios: high-value ESV areas tend to become dominant, while spatial connectivity shows progressive enhancement. The human–land system coupling framework for the ecologically fragile hilly region suggests that ecologically oriented decision-making is the core pathway to sustainably improve ecosystem services and realize regional sustainable development. This study offers scientific support for regional ecological conservation and sustainable advancement.

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Yan Jiang

first | Ministry of Natural Resources | ORCID 0009-0006-1219-7770

Sihua Huang

middle | Nanjing Institute of Technology | ORCID 0000-0003-4528-9840

Lijie Pu

middle | Ministry of Natural Resources

Jiahao Zhai

middle | Ministry of Natural Resources

Lu Qie

last | Ministry of Natural Resources | ORCID 0000-0003-1703-0460

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Jiang2026Spatio,
  title = {Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Scenario Simulation of Ecosystem Service Value in Ecologically Fragile Hilly Region: A Case Study of Longji Mountain Area in Guangxi, China},
  author = {Yan Jiang and Sihua Huang and Lijie Pu and Jiahao Zhai and Lu Qie},
  journal = {Sustainability},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.3390/su18125926},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/su18125926}
}

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