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Workplace adaptation and proactive behavior among employees with psychiatric disabilities: A cluster analysis of employment retention

Takayasu Fukuma

Work | Jun 12, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

BackgroundWorkplace adaptation among employees with psychiatric disabilities is heterogeneous. This study identified workplace-adaptation profiles and examined their associations with proactive behavior and retention-relevant differences, particularly turnover intention.ObjectiveTo clarify distinctive characteristics of workplace adaptation by examining how proactive-behavior types are associated with workplace-adaptation profiles and whether those types differ across tenure categories.MethodsUsing survey data from Japanese private-sector companies and special-purpose subsidiaries with 1-3 years of organizational tenure, we conducted hierarchical agglomerative cluster analyses to derive workplace-adaptation profiles and proactive-behavior types and examined their associations, including with tenure categories.ResultsThree workplace-adaptation profiles were identified, representing distinct configurations of socialization, affective commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover intention, and proactive-behavior types showed patterned associations with these profiles. Higher proactive-behavior types were more frequent in the high-adaptation, low-turnover-intention profile, whereas lower proactive-behavior types were more common in profiles characterized by lower adaptation and higher turnover intention. Proactive-behavior types were not significantly associated with tenure categories within the restricted 1-3-year range.ConclusionsWorkplace adaptation among employees with psychiatric disabilities is heterogeneous, and proactive behavior is linked to workplace-adaptation profiles in patterned rather than uniform ways. These findings support profile-informed workplace support, although the results should be interpreted as correlational.

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Takayasu Fukuma

first | University of Kochi

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BibTeX

@article{Fukuma2026Workplace,
  title = {Workplace adaptation and proactive behavior among employees with psychiatric disabilities: A cluster analysis of employment retention},
  author = {Takayasu Fukuma},
  journal = {Work},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1177/10519815261455863},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/10519815261455863}
}

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