Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms Open access Peer reviewed

The meninges host a distinct compartment of regulatory T cells that preserves brain homeostasis

Miguel Marin-Rodero, Elisa Cintado, Alec J. Walker, Teshika Jayewickreme and 8 more

Science Immunology | Jan 28, 2025 | 35 citations

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Punctual Treg ablation rapidly unleashed IFN-γ production by meningeal lymphocytes, unlocked access to the brain parenchyma, and altered meningeal B cell profiles, indicating that meningeal Tregs are a multifaceted safeguard of brain homeostasis at steady state.

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Our understanding of the meningeal immune system has recently burgeoned, particularly regarding how innate and adaptive effector cells are mobilized to meet brain challenges. However, information on how meningeal immunocytes guard brain homeostasis in healthy individuals remains limited. This study highlights the heterogeneous, polyfunctional regulatory T cell (Treg) compartment in the meninges. A Treg subtype specialized in controlling interferon-γ (IFN-γ) responses and another dedicated to regulating follicular B cell responses were substantial components of this compartment. Accordingly, punctual Treg ablation rapidly unleashed IFN-γ production by meningeal lymphocytes, unlocked access to the brain parenchyma, and altered meningeal B cell profiles. Distally, the hippocampus assumed a reactive state, with morphological and transcriptional changes in multiple glial cell types. Within the dentate gyrus, neural stem cells underwent more death and were blocked from further differentiation, which coincided with impairments in short-term spatial-reference memory. Thus, meningeal Tregs are a multifaceted safeguard of brain homeostasis at steady state.

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Authors

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Miguel Marin-Rodero

first | Harvard University | ORCID 0000-0001-8659-7706

Elisa Cintado

middle | ORCID 0000-0002-1943-4664

Alec J. Walker

middle | Boston Children's Hospital | ORCID 0000-0001-7619-0662

Teshika Jayewickreme

middle | Harvard University | ORCID 0000-0002-8075-7251

Felipe A. Pinho‐Ribeiro

middle | Harvard University | ORCID 0000-0003-4264-9839

Quentin Richardson

middle | Harvard University

Ruaidhrí Jackson

middle | Harvard University | ORCID 0000-0002-7002-0010

Isaac M. Chiu

middle | Harvard University | ORCID 0000-0002-0723-4841

Christophe Benoıst

middle | Harvard University | ORCID 0000-0003-1172-6555

Beth Stevens

middle | Boston Children's Hospital | ORCID 0000-0003-4226-1201

José Luís Trejo

middle | ORCID 0000-0003-0618-5547

Diane Mathis

last | Harvard University | ORCID 0000-0002-6110-4626

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{MarinRodero2025meninges,
  title = {The meninges host a distinct compartment of regulatory T cells that preserves brain homeostasis},
  author = {Miguel Marin-Rodero and Elisa Cintado and Alec J. Walker and Teshika Jayewickreme and Felipe A. Pinho‐Ribeiro and Quentin Richardson and Ruaidhrí Jackson and Isaac M. Chiu and Christophe Benoıst and Beth Stevens and José Luís Trejo and Diane Mathis},
  journal = {Science Immunology},
  year = {2025},
  doi = {10.1126/sciimmunol.adu2910},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.adu2910}
}

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