Forest Biomass Utilization and Management Open access Peer reviewed

Small Machines and Their Role in Forest Management - From Their Introduction to the Present Day with Automation

Janine Schweier, Raffaele Spinelli, Francesco Latterini, Natascia Magagnotti and 5 more

Current Forestry Reports | Jul 31, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract Purpose of review This review traces the development of mini forestry crawlers (MFCs) from earlier small-scale skidding machines to modern remote-controlled tool carriers, and evaluates their current applications, technological characteristics, operational performance, safety, soil impact, ergonomics, and automation potential. Recent findings Recent studies show that MFCs have evolved from simple extraction-oriented machines into multifunctional platforms whose suitability depends on machine class, task–machine matching, site conditions, and work organisation. Field and bench studies report productivity, soil impacts, operator workload, remote-controlled felling performance, non-harvesting applications, and early automation functions. Summary Mini forestry crawlers are most effective in constrained-access settings and in tasks that align with their limited payload while benefitting from high manoeuvrability, remote operation, and multifunctionality. Their advantages are therefore conditional on careful deployment, particularly with respect to soil moisture, turning intensity, traffic frequency, and operator workload. Future evaluations should adopt integrated performance metrics that jointly assess productivity, soil response, and human workload under realistic operating conditions.

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Janine Schweier

first | Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research | ORCID 0000-0003-4435-3089

Raffaele Spinelli

middle | Istituto di Biometeorologia | ORCID 0000-0001-9545-1004

Francesco Latterini

middle | Institute of Dendrology | ORCID 0000-0001-7401-8754

Natascia Magagnotti

middle | Istituto di Biometeorologia | ORCID 0000-0003-3508-514X

Rodolfo Picchio

middle | Università degli Studi della Tuscia | ORCID 0000-0002-9375-7795

Stelian Alexandru Borz

middle | Transylvania University of Brașov | ORCID 0000-0003-4571-7235

Csongor Márk Horváth

middle | Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research | ORCID 0000-0002-4518-9615

Leo Bont

middle | Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research | ORCID 0000-0003-2548-7671

Stephan Hoffmann

last | Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research | ORCID 0000-0002-8077-967X

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Schweier2026Small,
  title = {Small Machines and Their Role in Forest Management - From Their Introduction to the Present Day with Automation},
  author = {Janine Schweier and Raffaele Spinelli and Francesco Latterini and Natascia Magagnotti and Rodolfo Picchio and Stelian Alexandru Borz and Csongor Márk Horváth and Leo Bont and Stephan Hoffmann},
  journal = {Current Forestry Reports},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1007/s40725-026-00282-y},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s40725-026-00282-y}
}

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