Reproductive System and Pregnancy Peer reviewed

IDO1-Kyn-AhR Axis Mediates Glutamine/α-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Decidualization in Recurrent Implantation Failure

Zimeng Zheng, Jialu Shi, Wenjie Zhou, Tao Zhang and 2 more

Biology of Reproduction | Aug 24, 2026

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What this paper is about

It is discovered that α-KG may regulate decidualization via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), one of the key enzymes involved in the conversion of tryptophan to kynurenine, thereby regulating the IDO1-Kyn-Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway.

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One of the principal pathogens in recurrent implantation failure (RIF) is poor decidualization. Although various factors have been identified as involved in regulating decidualization, much remains unknown. Studies have shown that the decidualization process is accompanied by active glutamine/α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) metabolism, but the specific mechanisms warrant further investigation. Here, through RNA-Seq, we have discovered that α-KG may regulate decidualization via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), one of the key enzymes involved in the conversion of tryptophan to kynurenine. Mechanistically, this process relies on the demethylation of H3K27me3 in the IDO1 promoter region, thereby regulating the IDO1-Kyn-Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. At the same time, RIF patients exhibit downregulated glutamine/α-KG/IDO1 metabolism in the endometrium compared with fertile women. In mouse models with disrupted glutamine/α- KG metabolism, supplementation with α-ketoglutarate or tryptophan promotes decidualization and enhances pregnancy rates. Consequently, this study underscores the pivotal role of the glutamine/α- KG /IDO1 metabolic axis in the prevention and treatment of implantation failure.

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Zimeng Zheng

first | International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital

Jialu Shi

middle | Chinese University of Hong Kong

Wenjie Zhou

middle | Ruijin Hospital

Tao Zhang

middle | Chinese University of Hong Kong | ORCID 0000-0002-8644-8468

Jun Shao

middle | Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University | ORCID 0000-0002-6493-4086

Ming‐Qing Li

last | International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital | ORCID 0000-0002-9276-0722

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Zheng2026IDO1,
  title = {IDO1-Kyn-AhR Axis Mediates Glutamine/α-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Decidualization in Recurrent Implantation Failure},
  author = {Zimeng Zheng and Jialu Shi and Wenjie Zhou and Tao Zhang and Jun Shao and Ming‐Qing Li},
  journal = {Biology of Reproduction},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1093/biolre/ioag179},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/biolre/ioag179}
}

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