Sesquiterpenes and Asteraceae Studies Open access Peer reviewed

Bioactive metabolites and antibacterial activity of Copaifera species: evidence from a systematic review

Maria da Conceição Alves da Costa, Maria de Jesus Pereira Gomes, Alessandra Souza dos Santos, Fátima de Cassia Evangelista de Oliveira and 3 more

Phytochemistry Reviews | Jul 20, 2026

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It is indicated that Copaifera leaf extracts represent a promising and sustainable source of antibacterial bioactive compounds with potential applications in phytotherapeutic and anti-infective formulations.

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Abstract The Copaifera genus (Fabaceae) is widely used in traditional medicine, especially in the form of oleoresin, for the treatment of inflammatory and infectious disorders. However, other plant parts, particularly the leaves, remain comparatively underexplored despite their considerable pharmacological potential. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review the available literature regarding the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of leaf extracts from Copaifera species. Literature searches were conducted in Google Scholar, EMBASE, LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, and Scopus databases, including original articles published in Portuguese and English. The search strategy included combinations of descriptors related to Copaifera species, chemical composition, and antibacterial activity. Of the 983 studies initially identified, 11 met the inclusion criteria. The included studies revealed that Copaifera leaf extracts contain a wide variety of secondary metabolites, particularly diterpenes, sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, and pentacyclic triterpenes, which were associated with antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Non-polar extracts were predominantly associated with terpenoid-rich profiles and antibacterial activity against clinically relevant pathogens. The findings indicate that Copaifera leaf extracts represent a promising and sustainable source of antibacterial bioactive compounds with potential applications in phytotherapeutic and anti-infective formulations. However, the available evidence remains limited by methodological heterogeneity, inconsistent antibacterial assays, limited in vivo validation, and scarce translational studies. Future investigations should prioritize standardized extraction protocols, integrated pharmacological approaches, and in vivo validation to support the therapeutic development of Copaifera -derived compounds.

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Maria da Conceição Alves da Costa

first | Universidade Federal do Piauí

Maria de Jesus Pereira Gomes

middle | Universidade Federal do Piauí

Alessandra Souza dos Santos

middle | Universidade Federal do Piauí | ORCID 0000-0001-9194-6464

Fátima de Cassia Evangelista de Oliveira

middle | Universidade Federal do Ceará | ORCID 0000-0002-4737-5008

Luan Ramalho Pinheiro

middle | Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais | ORCID 0000-0003-4631-3005

Maria Francilene Souza Silva

middle | Universidade de Fortaleza | ORCID 0000-0002-4509-1159

Ivanilza Moreira de Andrade

last | Universidade Federal do Piauí | ORCID 0000-0001-6059-8540

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BibTeX

@article{Costa2026Bioactive,
  title = {Bioactive metabolites and antibacterial activity of Copaifera species: evidence from a systematic review},
  author = {Maria da Conceição Alves da Costa and Maria de Jesus Pereira Gomes and Alessandra Souza dos Santos and Fátima de Cassia Evangelista de Oliveira and Luan Ramalho Pinheiro and Maria Francilene Souza Silva and Ivanilza Moreira de Andrade},
  journal = {Phytochemistry Reviews},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1007/s11101-026-10288-w},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-026-10288-w}
}

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