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MODEL OPTIMASI PENENTUAN LOKASI PUSKESMAS PEMBANTU (PUSTU) MENGGUNAKAN GRAPH THEORY DAN MAXIMUM COVERAGE LOCATION PROBLEM UNTUK MEMAKSIMALKAN AKSES PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DI KECAMATAN DRAMAGA, CIOMAS, DAN CIAMPEA

Noel Goklas Napitupulu, Luthfan Irfana

DIKMAT Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika | Oct 15, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

Keberadaan fasilitas kesehatan belum selalu menjamin keterjangkauan karena akses masyarakat dipengaruhi oleh konfigurasi jaringan jalan. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang kerangka pemodelan spasial-optimasi untuk merekomendasikan lokasi Puskesmas Pembantu (Pustu) di Kecamatan Dramaga, Ciomas, dan Ciampea, Kabupaten Bogor. Jaringan jalan OpenStreetMap dimodelkan sebagai graf berbobot, jarak tempuh dihitung dengan algoritma Dijkstra, dan lokasi dioptimalkan dengan Maximum Coverage Location Problem (MCLP) pada radius pelayanan jaringan 3 km. Analisis terhadap 34 desa (459.982 jiwa) dan 12 puskesmas eksisting menunjukkan bahwa 95,28% penduduk telah tercakup, sedangkan 21.715 jiwa di Cihideung Ilir dan Mekarjaya belum tercakup. Jarak jaringan lebih besar daripada jarak Euclidean pada 99,51% pasangan desa–puskesmas dengan rata-rata detour ratio 1,54. Pada skenario satu Pustu, MCLP menghasilkan empat solusi optimal setara dengan tambahan cakupan 11.994 jiwa; optimasi hierarkis menetapkan Cihideung Ilir sebagai lokasi rekomendasi sehingga cakupan meningkat menjadi 97,89%.

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Noel Goklas Napitupulu

first | IPB University

Luthfan Irfana

last | IPB University | ORCID 0000-0002-0642-3421

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Napitupulu2026MODEL,
  title = {MODEL OPTIMASI PENENTUAN LOKASI PUSKESMAS PEMBANTU (PUSTU) MENGGUNAKAN GRAPH THEORY DAN MAXIMUM COVERAGE LOCATION PROBLEM UNTUK MEMAKSIMALKAN AKSES PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DI KECAMATAN DRAMAGA, CIOMAS, DAN CIAMPEA},
  author = {Noel Goklas Napitupulu and Luthfan Irfana},
  journal = {DIKMAT Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.56842/dikmat.v7i02.1793},
  url = {https://jurnal.habi.ac.id/index.php/Dikmat/article/view/1793}
}

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