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Long-Term Cropping System Diversification Under no-Till Improves Soil Structure, Carbon Stocks, and Crop Yield in Tropical Environments

Gilmar Gonçalves de Oliveira, M. M. Gontijo Neto, Pedro Silva, Leandro Campos Pinto and 4 more

Journal of soil science and plant nutrition | Jul 15, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract Conservation agriculture (CA) is a promising strategy for restoring soil quality, increasing crop production, and mitigating climate change. However, information on the effects of long-term no-till and cropping system diversification on soil quality, carbon dynamics, and crop productivity in tropical environments remains limited. This study evaluated the effects of ten years of diversified cropping systems under no-till management on a very clayey Oxisol in the Brazilian Cerrado. Ten production systems were evaluated, including maize monoculture, maize intercropped with Piatã grass, soybean monoculture, crop rotations involving pasture phases, and native Cerrado vegetation as a reference condition. Soil physical and chemical properties, soil carbon stocks, soil quality indicators, and crop productivity were assessed after ten years of management. Cropping system diversification improved soil physical quality and carbon dynamics compared with simplified systems. Maize intercropped with Piatã grass showed higher productivity and improved soil structural conditions than maize monoculture. Systems integrating pasture phases increased soil carbon stocks and promoted greater structural resilience. The maize–Piatã intercropping system and the rotation including two years of pasture followed by maize maintained soil carbon levels similar to those observed under native Cerrado in the surface layer. In contrast, soybean monoculture showed poorer soil physical quality indicators and lower carbon retention capacity. The combination of no-till, crop diversification, and forage grass integration enhanced soil functioning by improving structural quality and promoting carbon accumulation in a very clayey tropical Oxisol. These results confirm that diversified crop–pasture systems represent an effective strategy for mitigating soil degradation and sustaining agricultural productivity in the Brazilian Cerrado.

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Gilmar Gonçalves de Oliveira

first | Universidade Federal de Lavras

M. M. Gontijo Neto

middle | Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation | ORCID 0000-0003-4962-0414

Pedro Silva

middle | Universidade Federal de Lavras | ORCID 0000-0002-6409-8735

Leandro Campos Pinto

middle | Universidade Federal de Lavras | ORCID 0000-0003-2071-7028

Vanêssa Lopes de Faria

middle | Universidade Federal de Lavras | ORCID 0000-0002-9113-7808

Eduardo da Costa Severiano

middle | Instituto Federal Goiano | ORCID 0000-0002-6408-5061

Márcio Renato Nunes

middle | University of Florida | ORCID 0000-0002-3674-279X

Bruno Montoani Silva

last | Universidade Federal de Lavras | ORCID 0000-0002-8240-8987

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Oliveira2026Long,
  title = {Long-Term Cropping System Diversification Under no-Till Improves Soil Structure, Carbon Stocks, and Crop Yield in Tropical Environments},
  author = {Gilmar Gonçalves de Oliveira and M. M. Gontijo Neto and Pedro Silva and Leandro Campos Pinto and Vanêssa Lopes de Faria and Eduardo da Costa Severiano and Márcio Renato Nunes and Bruno Montoani Silva},
  journal = {Journal of soil science and plant nutrition},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1007/s42729-026-03440-0},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-026-03440-0}
}

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