Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants
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The analysis identified a diverse array of secondary metabolites associated with anti-oxidative, neuro-regenerative, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects, which support its traditional use and highlight its potential for modern therapeutic applications in promoting stress resilience, vitality, and overall wellbeing.
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Abstract Introduction Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) is a widely used medicinal plant with established roles in traditional systems of medicine. Known for diverse pharmacological effects, including neuroprotection, hepatoprotection, enhancement of male fertility, and anti-inflammatory activity. Despite its longstanding use, a deeper understanding of its phytochemical composition and bioactive mechanisms is required to bridge traditional knowledge with modern therapeutic applications. Methods A comprehensive metabolomics profiling of Withania somnifera was performed to identify and quantify its bioactive secondary metabolites. Focus was placed on major classes such as alkaloids, phenolic compounds, and terpenoids. Known compounds were annotated and categorized based on their abundance, chemical class, and reported biological functions. Particular attention was given to compounds implicated in neuroprotection, liver health, reproductive support, and inflammation-modulation. Results The analysis revealed a rich but low-abundance of known metabolites. Alkaloids such as Gentianaine (8.44%) and Sauroxine (2.94%), and phenolics like Mulberrofuran A (14.58%) and Sulphuretin (9.61%), were among the most prominent. These compounds are associated with antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroregenerative activities. Terpenoids including Pinocarvone and Ergosterol contributed to hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. Compounds such as Gomphrenin-I, Sitosterol, Pfaffic acid, beta-Carotene and others (>3%) supported spermatogenesis, while Embelin and Kievitone enhanced oxidative stress response. Although most identified compounds were individually present in low percentages (<0.30%), their collective activity suggests synergistic effects. Conclusion Metabolomic analysis of Withania somnifera confirms high abundance of bioactive secondary metabolites that have hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-oxidant and spermatogenesis-enhancing effects. These findings justify protective and beneficial effect of Withania in promoting stress relief, energy, and overall wellness. Graphical Abstract
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@article{Tripathi2026Metabolomic,
title = {Metabolomic profiling of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera): linking bioactive compounds to functional therapeutic roles},
author = {Gaurav Tripathi and Vasundhra Bindal and Manisha Yadav and Manisha Yadav and Neha Sharma and Sushmita Pandey and Nupur Sharma and Nupur Sharma and Babu Mathew and Yash Magar and Shvetank Sharma and Shiv Kumar Sarin and Jaswinder Singh Maras},
journal = {Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.3389/fmolb.2026.1796983},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2026.1796983}
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