Inorganic Fluorides and Related Compounds Peer reviewed

Fluoride‐Ion Batteries: Unraveling the Fundamental Science for Next‐Generation Energy Storage

Xiao-feng LI, Yue Liu, Tianci Xu, Fenghua Zheng and 5 more

Advanced Energy Materials | Aug 4, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

ABSTRACT Fluoride‐ion batteries (FIBs) have recently gained scientific interest, primarily driven by the potential high‐energy‐density advantage. The considerable gap between fundamental knowledge and functional performance stems from unresolved scientific challenges intrinsic to the fluoride shuttle principle. Critical issues such as severe volume expansion in conversion‐type electrodes, poor fluoride‐ion mobility in solid electrolytes, and metastable electrode‐electrolyte interfaces represent critical scientific bottlenecks that limit electrochemical reversibility and cycle life. Moreover, the absence of consensus regarding evaluation methodologies and mechanistic descriptors prevents direct comparability across scientific investigations. In this Review, we discuss the fundamental electrochemistry of fluoride‐ion batteries, with a particular focus on charge‐transfer mechanisms, ion‐transport kinetics, and structural evolution in electrode and electrolyte materials. We further highlight the critical role of advanced characterization techniques in probing underlying reaction pathways and interfacial phenomena. Finally, we consider essential research directions required to establish a reliable knowledge base for this emerging field.

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Xiao-feng LI

first | Guangxi Normal University | ORCID 0009-0006-0248-6157

Yue Liu

middle | Guangxi Normal University | ORCID 0000-0003-4416-0973

Tianci Xu

middle | Guangxi Normal University

Fenghua Zheng

middle | Guangxi Normal University

Qichang Pan

middle | Guangxi Normal University

Gemeng Liang

middle | The University of Adelaide | ORCID 0000-0002-2302-4932

Qingyu Li

middle | Guangxi Normal University | ORCID 0000-0003-4638-4401

Hongqiang Wang

middle | Guangxi Normal University | ORCID 0000-0002-6677-7010

Sijiang Hu

last | Guangxi Normal University | ORCID 0000-0002-1254-9514

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{LI2026Fluoride,
  title = {Fluoride‐Ion Batteries: Unraveling the Fundamental Science for Next‐Generation Energy Storage},
  author = {Xiao-feng LI and Yue Liu and Tianci Xu and Fenghua Zheng and Qichang Pan and Gemeng Liang and Qingyu Li and Hongqiang Wang and Sijiang Hu},
  journal = {Advanced Energy Materials},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1002/aenm.71391},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.71391}
}

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