Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances Peer reviewed

Association Between Intracranial Pressure Variability and Clinical Outcomes in Acute Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Vitaliy Voznyy, Mouad Elganga, Abramo A. Rizk, Tumul Chowdhury

Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology | Jun 15, 2026

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Overall, short-term ICPV was associated with favorable clinical outcomes, whereas long-term ICPV demonstrated no significant association, and further research using standardized ICPV metrics is needed to clarify its prognostic role in neurocritical care.

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Acute brain injury (ABI) is a major cause of mortality and disability. Although intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring traditionally relies on static thresholds, ICP variability (ICPV) may provide additional prognostic insight. This study aims to evaluate the association between short- and long-term ICPV and clinical outcomes in patients with ABI. Embase, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, CENTRAL, and PubMed were searched from inception to August 29, 2025; the protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251116221) on July 30, 2025. Prospective and retrospective studies assessing ICPV and clinical outcomes in adult (18 y or older) patients with ABI were included. Two reviewers independently performed screening and data extraction. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted separately for short-term and long-term ICPV effect estimates, risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-E. Ten studies comprising 3243 patients with ABI were included. Higher short-term ICPV was associated with significantly reduced odds of poor clinical outcome in adjusted (aOR=0.58, 95% CI: 0.41-0.81; P<0.005) and crude analyses (OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.55-0.78; P<0.005). Long-term ICPV showed no statistically significant association with poor outcome in adjusted (aOR=1.29, 95% CI: 0.84-1.96; P=0.24) or crude analyses (OR=1.47, 95% CI: 0.68-3.19; P=0.33). Overall, short-term ICPV was associated with favorable clinical outcomes, whereas long-term ICPV demonstrated no significant association. Further research using standardized ICPV metrics is needed to clarify its prognostic role in neurocritical care.

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Authors

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Vitaliy Voznyy

first | University of Toronto

Mouad Elganga

middle | University of Toronto

Abramo A. Rizk

middle | McMaster University

Tumul Chowdhury

last | University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital | ORCID 0000-0002-8946-4148

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BibTeX

@article{Voznyy2026Association,
  title = {Association Between Intracranial Pressure Variability and Clinical Outcomes in Acute Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis},
  author = {Vitaliy Voznyy and Mouad Elganga and Abramo A. Rizk and Tumul Chowdhury},
  journal = {Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1097/ana.0000000000001136},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1097/ana.0000000000001136}
}

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