Labor Law and Work Dynamics
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Peer reviewed
Abstract
Abstract
The Spanish Social Security system faces a structural crossroads stemming from the convergence of three factors: accelerated population ageing, the persistent weakness of the labour market, and the sustained growth of pension expenditure. This article reconstructs the historical origin and theoretical foundations of the Spanish system, analyses its main sustainability challenges, examines the legislative reforms implemented since 2011, and puts forward proposals aimed at ensuring its long-term viability. The central conclusion is that no single measure is sufficient, requiring instead a coordinated set of reforms acting simultaneously on revenues, expenditure, and demographic structure, within the consensus framework of the Toledo Pact.
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@article{Lozano2026Sostenibilidad,
title = {Sostenibilidad del sistema de Seguridad Social en España: diagnóstico de los principales desafíos y propuestas de reforma},
author = {Alejandro Carretero Lozano},
journal = {Laboral Open Access Revista (LOAR)},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.33732/loar.228},
url = {https://doi.org/10.33732/loar.228}
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