Linguistic research and analysis
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Abstract
Abstract
The article investigates the interrelationship between the categories of norm, variability, and phonological invariance within the linguistic system. At the level of phonological structure, norm operates as a stabilizing and regulating mechanism, whereas variability reflects the range of actual differences and dynamic change inherent in the system. Phonological invariance, in turn, represents the abstract and generalized units of the language system ¬– phonemes – and serves as the foundation for their diverse realization forms. The dialectical relationship among these three categories provides a framework for explaining both the synchronic state of language and the dynamics of its historical development in a systematic and theoretically grounded manner. In the study, L.V. Shcherba’s system–norm–speech model within the phonological school is employed as the primary methodological framework, and within this paradigm the relationships between the phoneme, allophone, and phone are systematically analyzed. It is particularly emphasized that the norm does not act as a constraining factor of variability, but rather as a principle that systematizes and regulates it. Keywords: language norm, variability, phonological invariance, phoneme and allophone, system–norm–speech model
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@article{Poladova2026Norm,
title = {Norm, Variability, and Phonological Invariance in the Language System},
author = {Sabina Poladova},
journal = {The Actual problems of study of humanities},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.62021/0026-0028.2026.3.128},
url = {https://doi.org/10.62021/0026-0028.2026.3.128}
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