Seismic Performance and Analysis
Open access
Peer reviewed
Abstract
Abstract
ABSTRACT Self‐centering rocking structures outperform conventional ones since they show zero post‐earthquake damage and excellent recentering; however, their applications remain limited due to concerns that rocking is extremely sensitive and nonrepeatable. This paper investigates the repeatability and parasitic out‐of‐plane motion of controlled rocking structures with cylindrical columns through large‐scale triaxial shake table tests. The specimen comprised four slender reinforced concrete columns restrained with unbonded steel tendons that provided positive post‐uplift stiffness, representing a bridge‐like structure at 1:5 scale. A total of 16 shake table tests were performed: five pairs of nominally identical triaxial tests to assess repeatability and six tests with varying directional excitation to quantify out‐of‐plane motion. The ground motions induced large displacements. Results show high repeatability of the shake table response. Displacements showed correlation coefficients of 0.85 for entire time histories. Maximum responses, which govern design, showed near‐perfect repeatability with correlation coefficients of 0.90 and errors below 10%. No systematic relationship between response amplitude and repeatability was observed. Under planar (one‐directional) seismic excitation, parasitic out‐of‐plane motion was low compared to uncontrolled rocking systems, with average out‐of‐plane to in‐plane displacement ratios below 25%. Independent planar analyses, when geometrically combined, can estimate the bidirectional response with reasonable accuracy. The results contradict the perception that rocking behavior is nonrepeatable and show that controlled rocking structures with inherent frictional and impact damping can exhibit repeatable seismic response even without supplemental energy dissipation.
Direct answer
What can I do from this paper page?
Use this page to scan "Repeatability and Parasitic Out‐of‐Plane Motion in Controlled Rocking Structures With Cylindrical Columns: Results From Triaxial Shake Table Tests" quickly: start with the summary and abstract, then check the authors, source, topics, and related papers. From here, open Scollr to follow Seismic Performance and Analysis research, save the paper, or map adjacent work.
Research areas
Follow related topics
Citation
BibTeX
@article{Katsamakas2026Repeatability,
title = {Repeatability and Parasitic Out‐of‐Plane Motion in Controlled Rocking Structures With Cylindrical Columns: Results From Triaxial Shake Table Tests},
author = {Antonios A. Katsamakas},
journal = {Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.1002/eqe.70231},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.70231}
}FAQ
Using this paper in a discovery workflow
How do I find related work for this paper?
Use the related papers and topic links on this page as starting points. In Scollr, you can also open the paper and build a literature map around its references, citing papers, and related work.
How can I keep up with new Seismic Performance and Analysis research papers?
Follow Seismic Performance and Analysis research in Scollr. New papers from the topic flow into a personalized feed, and you can save useful studies to revisit later.
Can I cite this paper from this page?
This page includes a static BibTeX block for Repeatability and Parasitic Out‐of‐Plane Motion in Controlled Rocking Structures With Cylindrical Columns: Results From Triaxial Shake Table Tests. Always verify the DOI, source, and publication details against the publisher record before submitting a manuscript.
Follow this research in Scollr
Follow the topics and authors behind this paper, save useful studies, and build a literature map when you are ready to go deeper.
Get the app