Social and Intergroup Psychology
Abstract
Abstract
The Russian invasion of Ukraine has threatened Europe’s safety and economy. Europeans responded with solidarity towards Ukrainians, demonstrated ingroup strength, but also expressed derogatory attitudes towards Russians and mistrusted public media. To investigate how emotional states of anxiety, anger, and being moved were linked to threat perceptions and intergroup responses, we conducted three cross-sectional studies (Ntotal = 690, March 2022, March 2023, May 2025) among German-speaking Europeans. Results from a multilevel path-model (second level variable: year), showed threat perceptions to be positively linked to anger and being moved (realistic and symbolic threat), and anxiety (realistic threat). Anger and being moved predicted solidarity with Ukrainians and defense of the European ingroup, while anger and anxiety predicted derogation of the Russian outgroup. Interestingly, feelings of being moved were negatively associated with outgroup derogation and media mistrust, supporting being moved as a collective approach emotion binding Europeans together while reducing negative consequences. [Note: This manuscript is currently under peer review. Content and formatting may change during the review process.]
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@article{Stollberg2026protect,
title = {Let’s protect us Europeans from them: Emotional predictors of outgroup solidarity, ingroup defense, and outgroup derogation in response to the Ukrainian war (2022 – 2025)},
author = {Janine Stollberg and Julius Möller and Stefan Reiß and Eva Jonas},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.31234/osf.io/mfzg7_v1},
url = {https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/mfzg7_v1}
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