Community Development and Social Impact Open access Peer reviewed

The promise and performance of social impact bonds

Clare FitzGerald, Alec Fraser, Carolyn J. Heinrich, Mikkel Munksgaard Andersen

Public Management Review | Jul 2, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

This article examines social impact bonds (SIBs), first scrutinizing early discourse on their promises—increased accountability through competitive public-private partnerships, outcomes measurement, and a learning approach to performance management—drawing on theories of New Public Management and New Public Governance. Then, a structured review of empirical research is used to evaluate SIB performance against their public management reform promises. Findings show that while SIBs sometimes foster intersectoral collaboration, they can also surface power imbalances, institutionalize gaming, and inadvertently reduce public accountability. A faltering commitment to robust outcomes measurement is also demonstrated, with negative implications for effective governance and public value.

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Clare FitzGerald

first | King's College London | ORCID 0000-0002-1021-8041

Alec Fraser

middle | King's College London | ORCID 0000-0003-1121-1551

Carolyn J. Heinrich

middle | Vanderbilt University

Mikkel Munksgaard Andersen

last | National Research Centre for the Working Environment

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{FitzGerald2026promise,
  title = {The promise and performance of social impact bonds},
  author = {Clare FitzGerald and Alec Fraser and Carolyn J. Heinrich and Mikkel Munksgaard Andersen},
  journal = {Public Management Review},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1080/14719037.2026.2693782},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2026.2693782}
}

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