Subcritical and Supercritical Water Processes
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Abstract
Abstract
Aquathermolysis has emerged as a promising technique for the purification of contaminated low-grade hydrocarbons and the enhancement of light-fuel yield. In this study, we investigated the TiO 2 -modulated surface oxygen dynamics and water adsorption behavior of Ni–Fe–Ti (NFT) mixed oxides to elucidate their role in catalytic aquathermolysis. NFT catalysts with different Fe:Ti ratios were synthesized and characterized to evaluate the influence of TiO 2 /Fe 2 TiO 5 /α-Fe 2 O 3 mixed phases and surface oxygen dynamics on catalytic performance. In situ H 2 O–FTIR analysis revealed that variations in the Fe:Ti ratio influenced the water adsorption behavior, leading to distinct hydrogen transfer capabilities. Crystallographic analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of highly active surface oxygen in Fe-rich NFTs and the enhanced phase stability of Ti-rich NFTs. Morphological and microstructural characterization of fresh and spent catalysts showed that an Fe 2 TiO 5 phase formed at the edges of Fe particles, preserving the core α-Fe 2 O 3 active sites throughout the reaction. Among the synthesized catalysts, NFT-75 exhibited the optimal Fe:Ti ratio, and achieved excellent performance with increases in light oil yield and reductions in coke formation of approximately 4 and 2 wt%, respectively. Moreover, NFT-75 demonstrated good recyclability, maintaining its contaminant removal performance over repeated cycles. Therefore, this study suggests an effective strategy for designing Fe-based catalysts with a balance between active α-Fe 2 O 3 sites for water adsorption and TiO 2 promoters with stable lattice oxygen for coke suppression in low-grade hydrocarbon aquathermolysis, providing insights for the design of aquathermolysis catalysts.
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@article{Pham2026TiO2,
title = {TiO2-modulated surface oxygen dynamics in Fe-based mixed oxides for enhanced hydrocarbon aquathermolysis},
author = {Duy Van Pham and Pill Won Seo and Ali Hassan Bhatti and Yong Wook Kim and Anh Ngoc T. Cao and Tu Tran Ngoc Dang and Minseo Kim and Sang Hwan Nam and Danim Yun and Ki Hyuk Kang and Sunyoung Park},
journal = {Applied Surface Science Advances},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.1016/j.apsadv.2026.101032},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsadv.2026.101032}
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