Women as Custodians of Social Order and Community Welfare: The Historical Leadership of Nde Mgboto in Nigeria

Abstract

Abstract

Introduction Indigenous women’s institutions historically played important roles in governance, social regulation, and community welfare in many African societies. However, limited empirical studies have explored the leadership roles and influence of traditional women’s institutions in Southeastern Nigeria. This study examined the historical leadership functions of Nde Mgboto in Oforola Ancient Kingdom, Imo State, Nigeria.  Methods The study employed a qualitative research design using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews among 90 elderly participants aged 70 years and above between 2019 and 2021. Secondary data were obtained from community records and oral historical accounts. Data were analyzed thematically using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) framework.  Results The findings revealed that Nde Mgboto functioned as a judicial, moral, and spiritual authority within the community. Major themes identified included judicial and conflict resolution authority, oversight of widowhood and mourning practices, enforcement of moral and communal norms, and spiritual authority. The institution played significant roles in maintaining social cohesion, regulating behavior, resolving disputes, and preserving cultural values.  Conclusion The study demonstrates that indigenous women’s institutions historically exercised multidimensional leadership and governance functions within patriarchal African societies. The findings contribute to gender studies, indigenous governance scholarship, and community welfare discourse by highlighting the role of women in promoting social order and cultural continuity in Oforola Ancient Kingdom.