Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research Open access Peer reviewed

HI-ALWPA: A Cooperative Island-Parallel Framework for Large-Scale UAV Reconnaissance Task Allocation

Xiao Jun Lv, Jiaming Bai, Lei Zuo, Ying Wang and 2 more

Drones | Oct 15, 2026

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HI-ALWPA is presented, a cooperative island-parallel extension of the Adaptive Lévy Wolf Pack Algorithm that distributes eight operator configurations across concurrent islands and coordinates their search through asynchronous ring migration, a passive elite archive, and contribution-based population transfer.

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Large-scale multi-UAV reconnaissance task allocation requires efficient optimization of coupled vehicle assignments and target visit orders. This study presents HI-ALWPA, a cooperative island-parallel extension of the Adaptive Lévy Wolf Pack Algorithm. The framework distributes eight operator configurations across concurrent islands and coordinates their search through asynchronous ring migration, a passive elite archive, and contribution-based population transfer. In the tested synthetic scenarios with 60–200 UAVs, HI-ALWPA reduces the mean objective by 19.07–26.60% relative to serial ALWPA under the prescribed iteration schedules. Five-seed results on ten instances per scenario show reductions of 15.61% and 24.73% in the 60- and 100-UAV cases, respectively. Ablation results support the contribution of the combined island-coordination mechanisms. In exclusive 16-vCPU measurements, HI-ALWPA achieves an iso-iteration timing ratio of 2.69 relative to serial ALWPA on the 100-UAV/200-target scenario. These results support cooperative island parallelization as an effective extension of ALWPA for the tested large-scale static UAV allocation settings.

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Researchers on this paper

Xiao Jun Lv

first | Naval University of Engineering | ORCID 0009-0000-8206-1883

Jiaming Bai

middle | Naval University of Engineering

Lei Zuo

middle | Naval University of Engineering | ORCID 0000-0003-4348-4458

Ying Wang

middle | Naval University of Engineering | ORCID 0009-0008-5984-7165

Yu Zhang

middle | Naval University of Engineering

Qi Zhao

last | Naval University of Engineering | ORCID 0009-0001-3364-5708

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BibTeX

@article{Lv2026ALWPA,
  title = {HI-ALWPA: A Cooperative Island-Parallel Framework for Large-Scale UAV Reconnaissance Task Allocation},
  author = {Xiao Jun Lv and Jiaming Bai and Lei Zuo and Ying Wang and Yu Zhang and Qi Zhao},
  journal = {Drones},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.3390/drones10100773},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/drones10100773}
}

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