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The Impact of ESG Rating Disagreement on Corporate Philanthropy

Fenling Gu, Boyuan Tian, Yue Cao

Managerial and Decision Economics | Jun 14, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

ABSTRACT Drawing on a sample of A‐share listed firms in China from 2011 to 2023, this study examines the impact of ESG rating disagreement on corporate philanthropy. We find that firms with higher ESG rating disagreement are more likely to increase charitable donations in the subsequent year. Mechanism analyses indicate that this effect operates through both operational and reputational risks. Heterogeneity analyses show that the effect is more pronounced for firms facing higher performance pressure, lower business diversification, weaker market status, higher advertising expenditures, closer consumer proximity, or operating in non‐heavily polluting industries. Additional analysis shows that social rating disagreement is the primary driver of philanthropic contributions. Economic consequence analysis demonstrates that ESG‐induced philanthropy alleviates financing constraints. The study contributes to the literature on the economic consequences of ESG rating disagreement, emphasizes the context‐dependent nature of managerial decisions under information uncertainty, and highlights their economic value. It provides insights for regulators, firms, and investors in interpreting corporate ESG behavior, helps market participants better understand corporate philanthropy, and offers useful implications for addressing ESG rating disagreement.

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Fenling Gu

first | Capital University of Economics and Business

Boyuan Tian

middle | Capital University of Economics and Business

Yue Cao

last | Capital University of Economics and Business

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Gu2026Impact,
  title = {The Impact of ESG Rating Disagreement on Corporate Philanthropy},
  author = {Fenling Gu and Boyuan Tian and Yue Cao},
  journal = {Managerial and Decision Economics},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1002/mde.70119},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.70119}
}

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