Muscle activation and electromyography studies Open access Peer reviewed

A motoneuron discharge–driven interface realizing simultaneous and proportional control of prosthetics in end-users

Chen Chen, Ruye Guo, Dongxuan Li, Shang Shi and 4 more

Science Advances | Jul 31, 2026

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This study presents a motoneuron discharge–driven interface that integrates wireless recording of high-density surface electromyography, real-time motoneuron spike train decomposition, continuous multi-degree-of-freedom (DoF) motion decoding in a prosthetic system, enabling simultaneous and proportional myoelectric control in real-world settings.

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Accurate decoding of movement intent from muscle signals is essential for dexterous prosthetic control. While motoneuron discharge decomposition provides a promising approach, most studies are confined to proof-of-concept demonstrations due to the lack of robust, dexterous control strategies, and the complexity of systems involved. Here, we present a motoneuron discharge-driven interface that integrates wireless recording of high-density surface electromyography, real-time motoneuron spike train decomposition, continuous multi-degree-of-freedom (DoF) motion decoding in a prosthetic system, enabling simultaneous and proportional myoelectric control in real-world settings. We validated this system with six trans-radial amputees across a series of functional multi-DoF tasks. The proposed interface achieved accurate and robust control of three-DoF wrist and hand movements, outperforming conventional myoelectric methods in task efficiency. Furthermore, the interface requires only single-DoF calibration data, minimizing user training burden. This study represents the practical demonstration of motoneuron-driven interfacing in end-user applications, highlighting its translational potential for clinical adoption.

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Authors

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Chen Chen

first | Shanghai Jiao Tong University | ORCID 0000-0002-3007-4364

Ruye Guo

middle | Shanghai Jiao Tong University | ORCID 0009-0003-3694-9007

Dongxuan Li

middle | Shanghai Jiao Tong University | ORCID 0000-0001-5504-8296

Shang Shi

middle | Shanghai Jiao Tong University | ORCID 0009-0006-8798-7566

Weichao Guo

middle | Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Jianjun Meng

middle | Shanghai Jiao Tong University | ORCID 0000-0003-0813-652X

Guoying Gu

middle | Shanghai Jiao Tong University | ORCID 0000-0002-7778-4523

Xiangyang Zhu

last | Shanghai Jiao Tong University | ORCID 0000-0003-4914-6636

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BibTeX

@article{Chen2026motoneuron,
  title = {A motoneuron discharge–driven interface realizing simultaneous and proportional control of prosthetics in end-users},
  author = {Chen Chen and Ruye Guo and Dongxuan Li and Shang Shi and Weichao Guo and Jianjun Meng and Guoying Gu and Xiangyang Zhu},
  journal = {Science Advances},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1126/sciadv.aej0245},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aej0245}
}

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