CNS Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Peer reviewed

Integrated Genomic and Tumor Microenvironment Subtyping Improved Risk Stratification in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma

Xianggui Yuan, Qian Luo, Yurong Huang, Chaoyi Li and 12 more

American Journal of Hematology | Jun 7, 2026

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Together, these findings identify a high-risk biological subset of PCNSL patients and provide a hypothesis-generating framework for future biomarker-driven risk stratification and therapeutic discovery in PCNSL.

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ABSTRACT Current prognostic models fail to capture the biological complexity of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). We integrated whole‐genome sequencing and multiplex immunofluorescence in 68 treatment‐naïve patients to define four genomic subtypes (C1, C2, C3, and C4) with divergent survival (C4 worst: median overall survival [OS], 26 months). In parallel, a novel tumor microenvironment (TME) classification based on CD8 + T/M2 macrophage ratio stratified patients into High (> 1.5), Intermediate (0.8–1.5), and Low ( 0.78), but external validation is needed. Together, these findings identify a high‐risk biological subset and provide a hypothesis‐generating framework for future biomarker‐driven risk stratification and therapeutic discovery in PCNSL.

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Authors

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Xianggui Yuan

first | Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University

Qian Luo

middle | Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University

Yurong Huang

middle | Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University | ORCID 0009-0001-1037-1062

Chaoyi Li

middle | Zhejiang University of Science and Technology

Teng Yu

middle | Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University

Shanshan Guo

middle | Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University

Qunyi Guo

middle | Wenzhou Medical University

Xueli Jin

middle | Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University

Jiefeng Tong

middle | Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University

Aiqi Zhao

middle | Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University

Wen Lei

middle | Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University | ORCID 0000-0002-7649-2449

Li X

middle | Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University | ORCID 0000-0002-5981-2762

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Yuan2026Integrated,
  title = {Integrated Genomic and Tumor Microenvironment Subtyping Improved Risk Stratification in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma},
  author = {Xianggui Yuan and Qian Luo and Yurong Huang and Chaoyi Li and Teng Yu and Shanshan Guo and Qunyi Guo and Xueli Jin and Jiefeng Tong and Aiqi Zhao and Wen Lei and Li X and 李百周 and Shumei Wei and Wenbin Qian and Yun Liang},
  journal = {American Journal of Hematology},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1002/ajh.70396},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.70396}
}

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