Gaussian Processes and Bayesian Inference Open access

A unified perspective of Gaussian process approximation for differential equations

Mengwu Guo

arXiv (Cornell University) | Jul 7, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

The use of Gaussian processes for approximating differential equations has expanded rapidly, leading to a growing, diverse, and fragmented body of numerical methods. We present a unified Bayesian perspective that places these techniques within a common probabilistic framework, based on a derivative matching interpretation for incorporating differential equation constraints into likelihood. This unified perspective supports both parameter estimation and solution approximation, and shows how a range of existing methods can be understood within it. This work aims to consolidate current developments and provide a foundation for future research.

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Mengwu Guo

first | ORCID 0000-0002-5541-437X

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@article{Guo2026unified,
  title = {A unified perspective of Gaussian process approximation for differential equations},
  author = {Mengwu Guo},
  journal = {arXiv (Cornell University)},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2607.06292},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.06292}
}

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