Biochemical and biochemical processes
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Systematic modification of the vanilloid scaffold generated selective and relatively non-cytotoxic anti-H.
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Background: Among natural products, vanillin (Van), a major component of Vanilla planifolia, exhibits multiple bioactivities, including antimicrobial effects. Methods: In this study, Van, its analogues o-vanillin (oVan), iso-vanillin (iVan), ethylvanillin (eVan), and a library of newly synthesized derivatives were evaluated against Helicobacter pylori strains with distinct antibiotic susceptibilities. Time-kill kinetics, antibacterial spectrum, and viability in a normal gastric cell line GES-1, were also assessed. Results: Van showed minimal or no activity (MIC and MBC > 128 µg/mL), whereas structural modifications markedly improved anti-H. pylori activity, with MIC values as low as 4 µg/mL. Compounds 16V, 20oV, and 29eV were among the most potent (MIC90 = 4–16 µg/mL). Activity depended on both the vanilloid core and substituent type. The compounds were inactive against representative Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (MIC > 128 µg/mL). Selected compounds preserved viability in GES-1 cells. Hierarchical clustering, artificial neural clustering, and principal component analysis identified potency-related architectural motifs and strain-specific activity. Docking against H. pylori urease suggested that several compounds, particularly 16V, may interact with the enzyme, providing preliminary support for a possible involvement of this target. Conclusions: Systematic modification of the vanilloid scaffold generated selective and relatively non-cytotoxic anti-H. pylori hit compounds and confirmed the value of natural metabolites in antibacterial drug discovery.
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@article{DAgostino2026Synthesis,
title = {Synthesis, Antibacterial Evaluation, and Chemometric Profiling of a Vanilloid-Based Compounds Library Active Against Helicobacter pylori},
author = {Ilaria D’Agostino and Strаhinjа Kоvаčеvić and Moataz A. Shaldam and Alessandra Ammazzalorso and Cristina Campestre and Paolo Guglielmi and Michele Coluccia and A. Gilardoni and Okan Aykaç and İrem Bozbey Merde and Francesca Sisto and Simone Carradori},
journal = {Antibiotics},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.3390/antibiotics15080729},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics15080729}
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