Digital literacy in education Open access Peer reviewed

Beyond Technical Skills: Reframing Digital Literacy as a Multidimensional Competency in the Digital Era

Aliana Shazma Amir, Che Muhammad Quayyum, Evawaynie Valquis Md Isa, Nur Hafifa Iswati bt Ishak

JURNAL AKUNTANSI DAN BISNIS Jurnal Program Studi Akuntansi | May 28, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

Digital literacy has become a critical competency in the 21st century, influencing academic success, workforce readiness, and societal participation. However, existing literature reveals that digital literacy is often narrowly conceptualized as technical proficiency, despite increasing recognition of its broader cognitive, social, and ethical dimensions (Eshet-Alkalai, 2004; Ng, 2012; van Laar et al., 2017). Contemporary frameworks, particularly the Digital Competence Framework for Citizens (DigComp), have expanded this perspective by identifying key competency domains, including information literacy, communication, content creation, safety, and problem-solving. Nevertheless, these frameworks remain fragmented and insufficiently integrated at the conceptual level. This paper argues for a reconceptualization of digital literacy as a multidimensional construct. By synthesizing prior frameworks, including DigComp and contemporary digital skills models, this study proposes an integrated conceptual framework encompassing technical, cognitive, social, and ethical competencies. The paper contributes to the literature by offering a holistic perspective that better reflects the complexity of digital engagement and provides direction for education, policy, and future research.

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Authors

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Aliana Shazma Amir

first | Universiti Malaysia Perlis

Che Muhammad Quayyum

middle | Universiti Malaysia Perlis

Evawaynie Valquis Md Isa

middle | Universiti Malaysia Perlis

Nur Hafifa Iswati bt Ishak

last | Universiti Malaysia Perlis

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Amir2026Beyond,
  title = {Beyond Technical Skills: Reframing Digital Literacy as a Multidimensional Competency in the Digital Era},
  author = {Aliana Shazma Amir and Che Muhammad Quayyum and Evawaynie Valquis Md Isa and Nur Hafifa Iswati bt Ishak},
  journal = {JURNAL AKUNTANSI DAN BISNIS Jurnal Program Studi Akuntansi},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.31289/jab.v12i1.17694},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31289/jab.v12i1.17694}
}

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