Data Visualization and Analytics Open access

Vibe Coding for Visualization Implementation: An Empirical Study of Practices and Challenges

Z. T. Sun, Xiaolin Wen, Fang Wang, Can Liu and 3 more

arXiv (Cornell University) | Jun 18, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

Data visualization is essential for data analysis and communication, yet creating expressive visualizations remains labor-intensive. Recent AI-driven ``vibe coding'' tools enable users to generate visualizations through natural language interaction, lowering the barrier to entry. However, visualization implementation requires precise alignment between user intent and visual representation, which may differ from general software development practices. We present an empirical study with 16 participants of varying expertise to examine how users employ vibe coding tools for visualization implementation. Participants completed two visualization tasks and a semi-structured interview. Our findings characterize the diverse practices users adopt across prompting, evaluation, and iteration, and surface the challenges they encounter throughout the process.

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Z. T. Sun

first

Xiaolin Wen

middle

Fang Wang

middle | ORCID 0000-0002-3327-4177

Can Liu

middle

Yi Lai

middle

Christophe Hurter

middle | ORCID 0000-0003-4318-6717

Yong Wang

last

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Sun2026Vibe,
  title = {Vibe Coding for Visualization Implementation: An Empirical Study of Practices and Challenges},
  author = {Z. T. Sun and Xiaolin Wen and Fang Wang and Can Liu and Yi Lai and Christophe Hurter and Yong Wang},
  journal = {arXiv (Cornell University)},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2606.19703},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.19703}
}

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