Hispanic-African Historical Relations
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Abstract
Abstract
This article posits that the Hispano-American projects of the late 19th and early 20th centuries served a dual strategic purpose. On the one hand, they were a means of redefining Spain's relationship with its former American territories on new, culturally grounded terms. On the other hand, they were a deliberate strategy for repositioning Spain as a "civilized nation" within the state-centric order of international law. Drawing on conservative-Catholic, liberal-reformist, and internationalist approaches, these projects constructed an "imagined community" of shared language, religion, history, and legal institutions as a normative alternative to Anglo-American expansionism and as a vehicle for recovering Spain’s international prestige after 1898. Engaging critically with the extant scholarship on Hispano-Americanism, the article reinterprets these projects as components of a legally articulated counter-hegemonic project with a coherent normative architecture, moving beyond readings that reduce them to cultural nationalism or imperial nostalgia. The analysis is grounded in three fundamental pillars. First, the text examines the influence of conservative nationalism on the policy of strengthening links between Spain and the Hispano-American republics. Second, it analyzes the recovery of transatlantic relations through a liberal-reformist approach centered on educational and cultural cooperation, justice, and legal equality. Third, it assesses the role of international law in the Hispano-American project during the interwar period, focusing on Spain's self-construction as a "disinterested" mediator in the peaceful settlement of disputes. This was a counter-model to Anglo-American unilateralism. The article concludes with a reflection on the contemporary relevance of this transnational vision, arguing that Hispano-American values constitute a still-underexplored object of critical analysis whose recovery illuminates the structural tensions inherent in any counter-hegemonic project anchored in a particular civilizational tradition.
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@article{Gamarra2026Values,
title = {Law, Values, and Counter-Hegemony: The Hispano-American Project and the Remaking of Spain’s International Legal Identity},
author = {Yolanda Gamarra},
journal = {Revista Chilena de Derecho y Ciencia Política},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.7770/rchdcp-v17n1-art1834},
url = {https://doi.org/10.7770/rchdcp-v17n1-art1834}
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