Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization Open access

VCS-SLAM: Geometry-Validated Semantic Evidence Fusion for 3D Gaussian SLAM

Rahul Jha, Shuaihang Yuan, Y D Fang

arXiv (Cornell University) | Jun 28, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

Visual SLAM performance often deteriorates in complex real-world applications. Semantic 3D Gaussian SLAM commonly fuses 2D semantic priors into a persistent 3D map using uniform optimization weights. However, such priors are not equally reliable in online mapping: occlusions, unsupported semantic boundaries, and ambiguous ray geometry can introduce persistent semantic artifacts into the global Gaussian map. We propose VCS-SLAM, a geometry-validated semantic evidence fusion framework for RGB-D 3D Gaussian SLAM. Instead of treating all semantic observations as uniformly valid supervision, VCS-SLAM evaluates their geometric reliability through visibility consistency, surface-supported boundary evidence, and ray-level conflict uncertainty. The resulting reliability-aware objective suppresses occluded semantic updates, reduces unsupported semantic bleeding, and delays premature label assignment in ambiguous regions. Experiments on Replica demonstrate improved semantic consistency, boundary preservation, and reconstruction quality. Results on ScanNet further show that VCS-SLAM maintains competitive tracking performance under real RGB-D inputs

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Rahul Jha

first | ORCID 0000-0002-0239-6972

Shuaihang Yuan

middle | ORCID 0000-0002-7092-7966

Y D Fang

last

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Jha2026SLAM,
  title = {VCS-SLAM: Geometry-Validated Semantic Evidence Fusion for 3D Gaussian SLAM},
  author = {Rahul Jha and Shuaihang Yuan and Y D Fang},
  journal = {arXiv (Cornell University)},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2606.29494},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.29494}
}

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