Biomimetic flight and propulsion mechanisms Open access Peer reviewed

Maneuvering of an Underwater Vehicle Using Bio-Inspired Pectoral Fins

Pedro C. Ormonde, Xiaowei He, Kenneth Breuer

Biomimetics | Jun 26, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

A cyber–physical underwater vehicle is equipped with bio-inspired flapping fins positioned on the sides of the vehicle’s main body. The proposed control surfaces are inspired by fish pectoral fins, generating forces and moments that can potentially be harnessed for maneuvering, hovering and station keeping. The streamwise and cross-stream forces produced by the fins are characterized for a range of reduced frequencies and Strouhal numbers. The streamwise forces are shown to be predominantly a function of the fin’s projected frontal area, while the lateral forces also depend on the Strouhal number. When operated simultaneously, different flapping synchronizations can be employed for specific goals; a symmetric motion suppresses the lateral forces, while an anti-symmetric motion decreases the peaks of the streamwise force produced. The cyber–physical vehicle demonstrates how the pair of fins can successfully maneuver the vehicle in the lateral direction.

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Pedro C. Ormonde

first | Brown University | ORCID 0000-0003-0461-6569

Xiaowei He

middle | Brown University | ORCID 0000-0003-3824-9744

Kenneth Breuer

last | Brown University | ORCID 0000-0002-5122-2231

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Ormonde2026Maneuvering,
  title = {Maneuvering of an Underwater Vehicle Using Bio-Inspired Pectoral Fins},
  author = {Pedro C. Ormonde and Xiaowei He and Kenneth Breuer},
  journal = {Biomimetics},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.3390/biomimetics11070447},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics11070447}
}

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