Biodiesel Production and Applications
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Abstract
Abstract
ABSTRACT Waste‐derived biodiesel offers a sustainable alternative to diesel fuel but faces challenges in combustion and emissions. This study evaluates a CRDI diesel engine fueled with B50 duck waste fat biodiesel blended with 50 ppm Al(NO 3 ) 3 nanoparticles under varying injection timings (21–25°CA bTDC) and injection pressures (500–600 bar). A long short‐term memory (LSTM) model was developed to predict performance and emissions. Under optimal conditions (25°CA bTDC and 600 bar), brake thermal efficiency (BTE) reached 30.85%, whereas smoke, hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions decreased by 17.04%, 20.14%, 27.17%, and 16.8%, respectively, compared with diesel. The LSTM model achieved R 2 values above 0.92 for all outputs. The novelty lies in combining Al(NO 3 ) 3 nano‐additives, injection optimization, and LSTM modeling to improve the combustion and emission characteristics of waste‐fat biodiesel in CRDI engines.
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@article{Warrier2026Process,
title = {Process Optimization and LSTM Modeling of Nano‐Enhanced Waste Fat Biodiesel Combustion},
author = {Gayathry S. Warrier and Thiyagarajan Chandran and J. N. S. S. Janardhana Naidu and Ravikumar Jayabal and Mukilarasan Nedunchezhiyan and Kumar Subarayan},
journal = {Chemical Engineering & Technology},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.1002/ceat.70284},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.70284}
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