Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior Open access Peer reviewed

Early life adversity shapes neural and behavioural responses to oxytocin during altruistic decision-making

Nina Marsh, Vanessa Jeske, Mari Babasiz, Angela Herscheid and 6 more

Translational Psychiatry | Jul 27, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

What makes some people willing to help strangers at a personal cost, while others are more hesitant or selective? Early life adversity - such as neglect or abuse - may shape how we respond to strangers in need later in life, yet the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. In this study we tested whether the neuropeptide oxytocin, a key modulator for a rich repertoire of social behaviours, influences altruistic decisions in adults with different childhood experiences. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a validated altruistic donation task, the study showed that oxytocin increased donations among individuals with greater childhood adversity, while reducing them in those with lower adversity. These behavioural effects were mirrored by changes in functional connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex and middle cingulate cortex - core circuits involved in social evaluation and empathy. Our findings suggest that early life experiences sensitize neural pathways for social processing, and that oxytocin dynamically modulates these circuits to influence altruistic behaviour in adulthood.

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Nina Marsh

first | Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg | ORCID 0000-0002-5986-911X

Vanessa Jeske

middle | Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg

Mari Babasiz

middle | University of Bonn

Angela Herscheid

middle | Institut für Psychologische Psychotherapie

Ann‐Kathrin Kreuder

middle | University Hospital Bonn

Rüdiger Stirnberg

middle | German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases | ORCID 0000-0001-7021-1063

Tony Stoecker

middle | University of Bonn | ORCID 0000-0002-8946-9141

Abigail A. Marsh

middle | Georgetown University | ORCID 0000-0001-5635-181X

Johannes Schultz

middle | University of Bonn | ORCID 0000-0003-4117-232X

René Hurlemann

last | Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Marsh2026Early,
  title = {Early life adversity shapes neural and behavioural responses to oxytocin during altruistic decision-making},
  author = {Nina Marsh and Vanessa Jeske and Mari Babasiz and Angela Herscheid and Ann‐Kathrin Kreuder and Rüdiger Stirnberg and Tony Stoecker and Abigail A. Marsh and Johannes Schultz and René Hurlemann},
  journal = {Translational Psychiatry},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1038/s41398-026-04302-0},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-026-04302-0}
}

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