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A meta-analytical review of the effects of self-assessment and peer-assessment interventions on self-regulated learning strategies and affective outcomes

Zi Yan, Hongling Lao, Ernesto Panadero, Belén Fernández-Castilla

Assessment in Education Principles Policy and Practice | Jun 7, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

Self-assessment (SA) and peer-assessment (PA) are increasingly studied for their effects on learning strategies and affective outcomes. This review examined the effect of SA and PA on eight groups of outcome variables: four self-regulated learning strategies (general regulatory strategies, (meta)cognitive strategies, regulation of motivation, regulation of the resources and the environment) and four affective outcomes (attitude, emotion, motivation, and self-efficacy). The analysis included 353 effect sizes from 75 peer-reviewed studies involving K-12 to higher education students, using experimental or quasi-experimental designs. Three-level model analyses showed that SA and PA had positive effects on desirable learning strategies and affective outcomes (Hedges’ g = 0.205 to 0.683). Comparatively, SA interventions demonstrate a larger mean effect size on motivation than PA. Additionally, four significant moderators were identified. Overall, the findings provide preliminary evidence that SA and PA support student learning beyond academic performance, with effect strength varying by outcome category and study quality.

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Zi Yan

first | Education University of Hong Kong | ORCID 0000-0001-9305-884X

Hongling Lao

middle | Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology | ORCID 0000-0001-9417-8333

Ernesto Panadero

middle | Universidad de Deusto | ORCID 0000-0003-0859-3616

Belén Fernández-Castilla

last | Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia | ORCID 0000-0002-3451-0637

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Yan2026meta,
  title = {A meta-analytical review of the effects of self-assessment and peer-assessment interventions on self-regulated learning strategies and affective outcomes},
  author = {Zi Yan and Hongling Lao and Ernesto Panadero and Belén Fernández-Castilla},
  journal = {Assessment in Education Principles Policy and Practice},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1080/0969594x.2026.2681630},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/0969594x.2026.2681630}
}

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