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Taxing Top Wealth: Migration Responses and Their Aggregate Economic Implications

Katrine Jakobsen, Henrik Kleven, Jonas Kolsrud, Camille Landais and 1 more

American Economic Review | Oct 1, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

Using administrative data from Scandinavian countries, we provide evidence on international migration responses to wealth taxes and evaluate their aggregate economic implications. We find significant migration responses among the wealthy: A 1 percentage point increase in the top wealth tax rate decreases the stock of wealthy taxpayers by about 2 percent. A large fraction of the wealthy are business owners, and their businesses are negatively affected by owner out-migration. The aggregate effects are nevertheless modest: The migration responses to a 1 percentage point increase in the top wealth tax rate reduce employment by 0.02 percent, investments by 0.07 percent, and value added by 0.10 percent. (JEL D31, E22, E24, F22, H24, L26, K34)

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Katrine Jakobsen

first | University of Copenhagen

Henrik Kleven

middle | Center for Economic and Policy Research

Jonas Kolsrud

middle | Linnaeus University | ORCID 0000-0002-0216-0038

Camille Landais

middle | Centre for Economic Policy Research | ORCID 0000-0002-9534-680X

Mathilde Muñoz

last | Center for Economic and Policy Research

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Jakobsen2026Taxing,
  title = {Taxing Top Wealth: Migration Responses and Their Aggregate Economic Implications},
  author = {Katrine Jakobsen and Henrik Kleven and Jonas Kolsrud and Camille Landais and Mathilde Muñoz},
  journal = {American Economic Review},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1257/aer.20241596},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20241596}
}

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