Microbial Metabolism and Applications
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Abstract
Abstract
Monascin, a yellow azaphilone pigment derived from Monascus fermentation, undergoes significant photo-degradation that limits its applications. This study reveals that free radical formation, particularly hydroxyl radicals (·OH) generated via H2O2 photolysis, is the primary mechanism driving monascin photo-degradation. Dissolved oxygen synergistically accelerates degradation, whereas deoxygenation reduces radical yield by 68% and lowers the degradation to 5%. Enzymatic scavengers confirmed H2O2 as the critical ·OH precursor: catalase reduced radicals by 61% and suppressed degradation to 7%, while superoxide dismutase exhibited moderate effects. Natural antioxidants ascorbic acid and α-lipoic acid (ALA) protected monascin concentration-dependently, with ALA showing superior photo-protection (68% degradation reduction) due to its broad ROS-scavenging capacity. These findings establish H2O2-derived ·OH as the primary destructive species and identify oxygen exclusion, H2O2 decomposition, and radical scavenging as effective photo-stabilization strategies.
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@article{Shang2026Hydroxyl,
title = {Hydroxyl Radical Formation: A Key Mechanism and Regulatory Target in Monascin Photo-Degradation},
author = {Zhihan Shang and Xiaowei Zhang and Mingfei Li and Qian Lu and Fenghe Wang and Ting Chen and Yang Li and Yizheng Liu},
journal = {Journal of Fungi},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.3390/jof12080561},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/jof12080561}
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