Trends in the development of machines for strip tillage technology

Abstract

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Modern agriculture is characterized by the transition to resource-saving technologies that reduce energy consumption and preserve soil fertility. Strip tillage, being a nature-like technology, meets the strategic goals of technological leadership and digital transformation of the Russian agro-industrial complex. Its effectiveness is largely determined by the perfection of the machine, which makes it relevant to analyze the trends in the development of this technology. OBJECTIVE: Identification of the main trends in the development of machines for strip tillage technology at the present stage. METHODS: The research is based on the analysis of domestic and foreign scientific publications, patents, catalogs of machine-building companies and technical documentation for serial and experimental machines for strip tillage technology. Methods of systematic and comparative analysis, as well as generalization, were used. The designs were compared according to a set of classification features, including the method of aggregation, type of working bodies, depth of processing and fertilizer application system. RESULTS: It is established that the development of machines for strip tillage is characterized by increasing complexity of structures and the transition from simple linear machines to modular systems with independent kinematics of sections. The key trends are the combination of operations (deep loosening, local application of fertilizers of different aggregate states and sowing in one technological passage), as well as the adaptation of row spacing to the specific agrotechnical requirements of cultivated crops. The evolution of the working sections is shown, where the main focus is the modular layout principle using damping systems to protect against obstacles. The design features of the frames are analyzed depending on the width of the aisles. Russian developments are presented, including a high-speed cultivator and combined sections, including a seeding machine. CONCLUSION. The review shows that the further development of machines for strip tillage technology is aimed at creating highly adaptive, energy-efficient and multifunctional units. Their improvement, based on modularity, combining operations and applying precision farming solutions, is critically important for the practical realization of the potential of resource-saving technologies, ensuring technological sovereignty and increasing the competitiveness of agriculture.