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Beyond populism through and by the media? Populist politics and journalistic framings of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, Poland, Serbia, and the United States

Danilo Rothberg, Sabina Mihelj, Paulo Ferracioli, Maria Kiriukhina and 5 more

International Communication Gazette | Jul 6, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

Research on news coverage of health threats, including COVID-19, often emphasizes excessive fearmongering and politicization, at the expense of reporting on scientific responses and preventive measures. To advance the debate on COVID-19 news and investigate the impact of populism on health crisis reporting, this article examines journalistic framings of COVID-19 in four countries led by populist politicians at the start of the pandemic: Brazil, Poland, Serbia, and the United States. Based on framing analysis of 2089 stories published in 12 outlets between 2020 and 2022, our findings confirm the lack of science and technology frames and prominence of politicization, but question claims about overly alarmist coverage. We also find that coverage was polarized along the pro- versus antipopulist axis, with some outlets openly critical of populism (“media against populism”) and others supporting populist actors due to ownership pressures or regulatory control (“populism over the media”).

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Danilo Rothberg

first | Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) | ORCID 0000-0002-3103-8154

Sabina Mihelj

middle | Loughborough University | ORCID 0000-0002-8557-2504

Paulo Ferracioli

middle | Hanken School of Economics | ORCID 0000-0001-9355-3365

Maria Kiriukhina

middle | Loughborough University | ORCID 0009-0005-3773-3771

Ana Stojiljković

middle | Loughborough University | ORCID 0000-0001-6194-0811

Katarzyna Vanevska

middle | Jagiellonian University | ORCID 0000-0001-8990-8143

Daniel C. Hallin

middle | University of California System | ORCID 0000-0002-8531-832X

Beata Klimkiewicz

middle | Jagiellonian University | ORCID 0000-0002-5839-6496

Václav Štětka

last | Loughborough University | ORCID 0000-0001-8381-3645

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Rothberg2026Beyond,
  title = {Beyond populism through and by the media? Populist politics and journalistic framings of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, Poland, Serbia, and the United States},
  author = {Danilo Rothberg and Sabina Mihelj and Paulo Ferracioli and Maria Kiriukhina and Ana Stojiljković and Katarzyna Vanevska and Daniel C. Hallin and Beata Klimkiewicz and Václav Štětka},
  journal = {International Communication Gazette},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1177/17480485261461080},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/17480485261461080}
}

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