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Impact damage identification for composite structures via laser-induced graphene-based electrical impedance tomography

Deng Zhou, Gang Yan, Huang Zaixing

e-Journal of Nondestructive Testing | Jul 17, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

This study develops an embedded impact damage identification method for composite structures using laser-induced graphene (LIG) combined with electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and deep learning. An LIG sensing area was directly fabricated on a polyimide-based flexible printed circuit (FPC) via a CO2 laser and embedded within the interlayer region of glass fiber reinforced polymer composites. This LIG-FPC sensor serves as a highly sensitive sensing layer for capturing localized conductivity change induced by impact damage. After impact, the change in the pathways of the conductive network results in measurable change in the boundary voltages. The boundary voltage change was acquired by an EIT system and processed by a modified residual network (ResNet18) to reconstruct internal conductivity change distribution. A simulation-based dataset mapping boundary voltage changes to conductivity change distributions was used to train the network. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can precisely localize damage. This approach effectively overcomes limitations associated with traditional sensor-based methods, providing a robust, fast, and non-destructive solution for in-situ structural health monitoring (SHM) of composite structures.

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Deng Zhou

first | Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

Gang Yan

middle

Huang Zaixing

last | Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Zhou2026Impact,
  title = {Impact damage identification for composite structures via laser-induced graphene-based electrical impedance tomography},
  author = {Deng Zhou and Gang Yan and Huang Zaixing},
  journal = {e-Journal of Nondestructive Testing},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.58286/33757},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.58286/33757}
}

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