Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior Open access

Adolescent stress recruits a latent amygdala-dopamine circuit to drive punishment-resistant reward-seeking

Jacob A. Nadel, Evan S. Swanson, Manhua Zhu, Baran Demir and 3 more

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) | Aug 3, 2026

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It is shown that chronic unpredictable stress in adolescent mice causes a prominent increase in punishment-resistant reward-seeking – behavior tightly linked to the diagnostic criteria for addiction – establishing a model for mechanistic investigation and opening a new avenue for interventions targeted to at-risk populations with specific formative experiences.

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Abstract Adolescent stress is a lifelong risk factor for addiction, but the underlying neural circuit changes remain unknown. Here, we show that chronic unpredictable stress in adolescent mice causes a prominent increase in punishment-resistant reward-seeking – behavior tightly linked to the diagnostic criteria for addiction – establishing a model for mechanistic investigation. Using this model, we find a “gain-of-function” in reward processing wherein persistent hyperexcitability in a subset of central amygdala (CeA) neurons projecting to the substantia nigra pars lateralis (SNL) disinhibits dopamine release in the tail of the striatum (TS), newly recruiting TS to participate in punishment-resistant reward-seeking. Normalizing circuit-specific CeA hyperexcitability or optogenetically counteracting excessive TS dopamine release prevented the increase in punishment resistance. These results identify a novel circuit mediator for the lifelong effects of adolescent stress on a core feature of addictive disorders, opening a new avenue for interventions targeted to at-risk populations with specific formative experiences.

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Jacob A. Nadel

first | Northwestern University | ORCID 0000-0002-7611-2434

Evan S. Swanson

middle | Northwestern University | ORCID 0009-0005-9635-7577

Manhua Zhu

middle | Northwestern University | ORCID 0000-0003-1634-7212

Baran Demir

middle | Northwestern University | ORCID 0009-0002-8291-8554

Michelle Kwon

middle | Northwestern University

Sachin Patel

middle | Northwestern University | ORCID 0000-0001-8052-520X

Talia N. Lerner

last | Northwestern University | ORCID 0000-0002-3875-0654

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BibTeX

@article{Nadel2026Adolescent,
  title = {Adolescent stress recruits a latent amygdala-dopamine circuit to drive punishment-resistant reward-seeking},
  author = {Jacob A. Nadel and Evan S. Swanson and Manhua Zhu and Baran Demir and Michelle Kwon and Sachin Patel and Talia N. Lerner},
  journal = {bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.64898/2026.07.29.741478},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.07.29.741478}
}

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