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Self-Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: A Concept Analysis

Margaret A. Ayorinde, Lakeshia Cousin, Staja Q. Booker, Jennifer R. Dungan

Journal of Holistic Nursing | Jun 16, 2026

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This analysis provides a holistic, theory-informed definition of Self-Management in CKM and a foundation for middle-range theory development, and supports nurse-led interventions addressing the whole person across interacting chronic conditions.

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PurposeTo clarify and define self-management (SM) within cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome through concept analysis, with implications for holistic nursing.DesignConcept analysis using Walker and Avant's eight-step method.MethodsSix databases were searched for peer-reviewed articles (2005-2025). Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings were interpreted through the Individual and Family Self-Management Theory and Neuman's Systems Model. Qualitative literature enriched interpretation of the holistic dimensions of each attribute.FindingsFour defining attributes emerged: self-monitoring, personalized and precision care, collaborative care, and sustained engagement; each carrying behavioral and experiential significance. Five antecedents and six consequences were identified across biological, psychosocial, structural, and spiritual dimensions. Self-Management in CKM is distinct from self-care as traditionally conceptualized, due to pathophysiological interdependence, system-level coordination, and experiential complexity.ConclusionsThis analysis provides a holistic, theory-informed definition of Self-Management in CKM and a foundation for middle-range theory development. The framework supports nurse-led interventions addressing the whole person across interacting chronic conditions.

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Margaret A. Ayorinde

first | University of Florida | ORCID 0009-0000-1004-9818

Lakeshia Cousin

middle | Tampa General Hospital | ORCID 0000-0002-9649-8864

Staja Q. Booker

middle | University of Florida | ORCID 0000-0001-8934-1335

Jennifer R. Dungan

last | University of Florida

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@article{Ayorinde2026Self,
  title = {Self-Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: A Concept Analysis},
  author = {Margaret A. Ayorinde and Lakeshia Cousin and Staja Q. Booker and Jennifer R. Dungan},
  journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1177/08980101261458446},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/08980101261458446}
}

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