Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies Open access Peer reviewed

Repurposing Approved Chemotherapeutics as Intrinsic Photosensitizers for Single-Molecule Chemophototherapy

Giulia Greco, Giulia Giugliano, Alessia Marconi, Paolo Emidio Costantini and 17 more

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry | Oct 12, 2026

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A single-molecule chemophototherapy (SM-CPT) approach based on computational screening of approved anticancer drugs for repurposing as photosensitizers is introduced, highlighting SM-CPT as a translationally attractive light-activated cancer therapy.

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Abstract Chemophototherapy (CPT), combining chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT), is a promising strategy to enhance anticancer efficacy while reducing systemic toxicity. Many approved drugs contain chromophoric moieties that absorb visible light, suggesting their potential as intrinsic photosensitizers. Herein, we introduce a single-molecule chemophototherapy (SM-CPT) approach based on computational screening of approved anticancer drugs for repurposing as photosensitizers. A curated library of 238 small-molecule drugs was screened using time-dependent density functional theory to identify compounds with favourable photophysical properties. Fifteen candidates were identified, and mitoxantrone, pixantrone, daunorubicin, and epirubicin were selected for experimental validation. All compounds generated reactive oxygen species upon irradiation and showed enhanced cytotoxicity in breast cancer cell models, with up to an order-of-magnitude reduction in half-maximal inhibitory concentration values. The approach was further validated in ovarian cancer models, including platinum-resistant cells and patient-derived ascites, highlighting SM-CPT as a translationally attractive light-activated cancer therapy.

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Giulia Greco

first | Azienda USL di Bologna | ORCID 0000-0001-8174-9977

Giulia Giugliano

middle | Azienda USL di Bologna | ORCID 0009-0000-9927-7154

Alessia Marconi

middle | Azienda USL di Bologna | ORCID 0000-0002-0738-2211

Paolo Emidio Costantini

middle | Azienda USL di Bologna | ORCID 0000-0003-1597-6404

Michele Trivini

middle | University of Bologna

Giulia Neggiani

middle | University of Bologna | ORCID 0009-0007-8836-8713

Francesca Maffei

middle | University of Bologna | ORCID 0000-0003-4144-230X

Manuele Di Sante

middle | Azienda USL di Bologna | ORCID 0009-0005-5523-4132

Tainah Dorina Marforio

middle | Azienda USL di Bologna | ORCID 0000-0003-0690-306X

Alessandro Calza

middle | Azienda USL di Bologna | ORCID 0009-0002-3700-3240

Manuela Sollazzo

middle | University of Bologna | ORCID 0000-0001-5451-0063

Anna Maria Porcelli

middle | Azienda USL di Bologna | ORCID 0000-0002-6209-0692

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Greco2026Repurposing,
  title = {Repurposing Approved Chemotherapeutics as Intrinsic Photosensitizers for Single-Molecule Chemophototherapy},
  author = {Giulia Greco and Giulia Giugliano and Alessia Marconi and Paolo Emidio Costantini and Michele Trivini and Giulia Neggiani and Francesca Maffei and Manuele Di Sante and Tainah Dorina Marforio and Alessandro Calza and Manuela Sollazzo and Anna Maria Porcelli and Giuseppe Gasparre and Francesco Zerbetto and Alberto Danielli and Julia Westermayr and Matteo Di Giosia and Carmela Fimognari and Eleonora Turrini and Edoardo Jun Mattioli and Matteo Calvaresi},
  journal = {Journal of Medicinal Chemistry},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6c02353},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6c02353}
}

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