Head and Neck Surgical Oncology
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Abstract
Abstract
Background Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is a rare neuroectodermal tumor arising from the ol-factory epithelium. This study aimed to identify survival determinants and construct a prognostic web-based nomogram using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database records. Methods The SEER database, including 18 registries across the nation, was queried for patients diagnosed with ENB between 2000 and 2020. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatment data were analyzed using Cox Proportional Hazard models and Kaplan-Meier based survival plots. A web-based nomogram was constructed to predict 5- and 10-year survival proba-bilities individualized to a specific patient. Results 941 patients were included in this analysis. Overall survival rates at 1-, 2-, 5-, and 10-years were 89%, 85%, 75%, and 58%, respectively. Multivariable analysis showed worse OS associated with age > 50 (p 6.0 cm (p< 0.01). Compared to patients treated with gross total resection (GTR), worse OS was observed in those treated with chemotherapy (CT) only (p< 0.01), CT and radiation (RT, p< 0.01), GTR + CT (p< 0.05), RT only (p< 0.01), or no treatment (p< 0.001). No statistically significant differences in OS were observed for patients treated with GTR + RT, GTR + RT + CT, subtotal resection (STR), or STR with adjuvant therapies when compared to GTR alone. Our web-based nomogram is publicly available (link). This model demonstrated a strong predictive performance, with a C-index of 0.733±0.041 and AUC of 0.747. Conclusion This is currently the largest retrospective cohort study to analyze survival determinants in patients with ENB. This is the first nomogram-based app developed for this specific patient population. We hope this will help guide clinicians to have more meaningful discussions with their patients and employ evidence-based practices.
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@article{Barbaro2026Development,
title = {Development of a Web-Based Nomogram for Predicting Survival in Patients with Esthesioneuroblastoma Using SEER Database},
author = {Julianna L Barbaro and Abhishek S. Bhutada and Srijan Adhikari and Kristīne Rāviņa and Eric A. Marvin},
journal = {Preprints.org},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.20944/preprints202608.2183.v1},
url = {https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202608.2183.v1}
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