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Minimal observability of periodically switching Boolean networks

Yanan Pan, Shihua Fu, Yupeng Sun, Yuxin Gao and 1 more

International Journal of Systems Science | Aug 11, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

This paper primarily delves into the minimal observability problem of periodically switching Boolean networks (PSBNs) using semi-tensor product (STP) of matrices. Firstly, a method for calculating all indistinguishable states is obtained based on the algebraic form of the periodically switching Boolean network (PSBN). Secondly, a specific step to calculate the states that need to become initially distinguishable in the indistinguishable state set is given by establishing a parallel system and applying the set reachable method. Subsequently, the minimal observability of the system is achieved by adding the minimum number of measurements to the system. Finally, the validity of the conclusion is verified through some illustrative examples.

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Yanan Pan

first | Shandong University of Science and Technology

Shihua Fu

middle | Liaocheng University | ORCID 0000-0003-0569-3283

Yupeng Sun

middle | Liaocheng University | ORCID 0009-0007-6221-1312

Yuxin Gao

middle | Liaocheng University

Xueying Nie

last | Liaocheng University | ORCID 0009-0001-0207-3153

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Pan2026Minimal,
  title = {Minimal observability of periodically switching Boolean networks},
  author = {Yanan Pan and Shihua Fu and Yupeng Sun and Yuxin Gao and Xueying Nie},
  journal = {International Journal of Systems Science},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1080/00207721.2026.2710893},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00207721.2026.2710893}
}

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