Radioactive element chemistry and processing
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Abstract
Abstract
The chemical properties of transfermium elements with atomic numbers >100 are largely unknown. Element 102, nobelium, is an actinide and forms stable +2 valent cations in aqueous solutions, unlike other heavy actinide. In previous experiments, No 2+ exhibits similar behavior to alkaline earth metal ions, particularly Ca 2+ and Sr 2+ , suggesting hard-acid character. In this study, the soft metal ion behavior of No 2+ was demonstrated through complex with crown ethers. In the solid–liquid extraction of 255 No using di- t Bu-dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 in HNO 3 , No 2+ was extracted as much as Sr 2+ . Density functional theory calculations confirmed higher stability of the No 2+ –DtBuCH18C6 complex, with covalent bonding involving the 6 d orbitals. Theoretical studies also revealed strong relativistic effects on the atomic orbitals of No 2+ , rendering No 2+ a soft ion similar to Pb 2+ .
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@article{Watanabe2026soft,
title = {102 No 2+ as a soft metal ion: Extraction of 255 No using crown ethers},
author = {Eisuke Watanabe and Ruilin Wang and Takuya Yokokita and Ryohei Nakanishi and Saki Otaka and R. Masuda and Yudai Itakura and Yudai Shigekawa and Hiromitsu Haba and Akihiro Nambu and Xiaojie Yin and Kyosuke Shibamoto and Masashi Kaneko and Koichi Takamiya and Atsushi Shinohara and Y. Kasamatsu},
journal = {Science Advances},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.1126/sciadv.aeh4903},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aeh4903}
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