Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Chemistry Peer reviewed

Singlet oxygen-driven photocatalytic oxidation of 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene by a water-soluble N-confused porphyrin: Mechanism and efficiency optimization

HU Chang-xue, Ying-Hong Mu, Hong-Jun Chen, Ren-Sheng Chen and 8 more

Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines | Jul 28, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

A novel water-soluble N-confused porphyrin, meso-tetrakis(3-methoxy-4-sulfophenyl) N-confused porphyrin (3-NCTMOPPS), was successfully synthesized via sulfonation of 3-NCTMOPP with concentrated H 2 SO 4 at 40 °C in a 72% yield. Structural characterization by 1 H NMR, HR-MS and FTIR confirmed the introduction of sulfonate groups at the para-positions of the phenyl rings, which significantly enhanced water solubility, visible-light absorption, and singlet oxygen generation capacity. The photocatalytic oxidation of 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene by 3-NCTMOPPS was investigated under white light irradiation, with 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone identified as the primary product. The effects of key reaction parameters—including hydrogen peroxide concentration, catalyst dosage, and temperature—were systematically monitored by UV-vis spectroscopy. Optimal conditions (1.6 × 10 -7 mol of 3-NCTMOPPS and 4.9 × 10 -5 mol of H 2 O 2 at 25 °C for 60 min) afforded a maximum conversion of 93.1% for 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene. Kinetic analysis revealed that the reaction followed first-order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.0245 min -1 . A mechanistic pathway involving singlet-oxygen generation was proposed for this photocatalytic oxidation.

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

HU Chang-xue

first

Ying-Hong Mu

middle

Hong-Jun Chen

middle

Ren-Sheng Chen

middle

Yan Yang

middle

Hai‐Gen Li

middle

De-Huang Zhu

middle

Mian HR Mahmood

middle

Haiying Liao

middle | ORCID 0000-0002-2313-2319

Jia-Hang Yi

middle

Jing-Han Hu

middle

Su-Hong Peng

last

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Changxue2026Singlet,
  title = {Singlet oxygen-driven photocatalytic oxidation of 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene by a water-soluble N-confused porphyrin: Mechanism and efficiency optimization},
  author = {HU Chang-xue and Ying-Hong Mu and Hong-Jun Chen and Ren-Sheng Chen and Yan Yang and Hai‐Gen Li and De-Huang Zhu and Mian HR Mahmood and Haiying Liao and Jia-Hang Yi and Jing-Han Hu and Su-Hong Peng},
  journal = {Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1142/s1088424626500471},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1142/s1088424626500471}
}

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