Credit Risk and Financial Regulations Open access Peer reviewed

Climate regulatory risks and corporate bonds

Lee Seltzer, Laura T. Starks, Qifei Zhu

Journal of Financial Economics | Oct 2, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

Concerns about climate risk suggest it should affect risk assessment and pricing of corporate securities, particularly for firms facing potential regulatory restrictions. Employing a shock to expected climate regulations, we find support for this hypothesis given our evidence that climate regulatory risks causally affect bond credit ratings and yield spreads. Moreover, a structural credit model indicates the increased spreads for high carbon issuers, especially those located in stricter regulatory environments, derive from changes in firms’ asset volatilities rather than asset values, highlighting that regulatory uncertainty affects security pricing. The results have important implications for corporate decisions, portfolio management, and policymaking.

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Authors

Researchers on this paper

Lee Seltzer

first | Federal Reserve Bank of New York

Laura T. Starks

middle | The University of Texas at Austin

Qifei Zhu

last | Texas A&M University | ORCID 0000-0002-4047-461X

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Citation

BibTeX

@article{Seltzer2026Climate,
  title = {Climate regulatory risks and corporate bonds},
  author = {Lee Seltzer and Laura T. Starks and Qifei Zhu},
  journal = {Journal of Financial Economics},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jfineco.2026.104363},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2026.104363}
}

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